Prediction of changes in the vegetation cover of Ukraine due to climate warming

Abstract

Purpose. To study ecological regularities of the formation of vegetation cover in Ukraine depending on the climatic conditions and analyze its possible changes due to global warming. Methodology. The research methodology involves the following: diff erentiation of the climatic conditions and evaluation of the signifi cance of climatic indices at the level of territorial units of a geobotanical zoning based on variance analysis; multiple ordering of the geographic locations in terms of climatic indices basing on the analysis of main components (Principle Component Analysis); development of a typological scheme of the vegetation cover relying upon a discriminant analysis; statistic processing of the climatic parameters. Findings. Modelling of spatial diff erentiation of climatic indices depending on the location latitude and longitude as well as altitude above the sea level helped analyze the connection of vegetation cover and climate. It has been determined that peculiarities of the vegetation cover formation according to a scheme of geobotanical zoning is characterized in the most accurate way by the diff erence of such climatic indices as: air temperature in January, July, and August; monthly precipitation amounts during JuneSeptember; duration of a frost-free period; and hydrothermal coeffi cient of T.G. Selianinov. The main regularity of the formation of Ukrainian vegetation cover has been defi ned. The regularity means the following structure of interrelation between the climatic indices: along with the growing average monthly temperatures of June-September and decreasing precipitation amounts from April to September, the indices of climatic water availability decrease along with the increasing heat availability indices (duration of an active vegetation period and total of temperatures per that period, average annual temperature). This regularity represents a gradient of climatic indices from the Ukrainian Carpathians towards the southern Crimean coast. It has been determined that during some years of the early 21st century, the conditions peculiar for a steppe area were formed for the forest and forest steppe areas