Spectral analysis method for distinguishing heavy metals pollution in the pioneer vegetation of landfills located within the prikarpatian geobotanical district of Ukraine

Abstract

In Ukraine, the tourism and recreation industry is widespread. These are mostly resort complexes with health boarding houses, hotels and restaurants. However, in Ukraine, the issue of solid household waste processing and active landfills, located near recreation facilities, is practically not addressed. Undoubtedly, this situation has a negative effect on the processes of recovery, because, as is known, landfills are depositing dangerous substances and compounds, which, due to geochemical flows, get into all components of the environment, which seem to be clean. The aim of this investigation is to determine the heavy metals content in the vegetation of a landfill near a places for recreation. The object of present research is the analysis of heavy metals content in the roots of trees on the Bronytsya landfill, located within the tourist and recreational complex of the Lviv region of Ukraine. It was established that tree roots are contaminated with Pb components and partially with Cd and Co components. Among the toxic chemicals, we can highlight the presence of Pb with a significant difference on the eastern side of the landfill in samples of Acer negundo L. (4 times higher than the MAC) and Populus nigra L. (7.1 times higher than the MAC), on the southern side – Fagus sylvatica L (1.1 times higher than the MAC) and Malus sylvestris Mill. (7 times higher than the MAC), on the west side – Salix cinerea L. (2.5 times higher than the MAC) and Carpinus betulus L. (6 times higher than the MAC), on the northern side of the landfill – Malus sylvestris Mill (2.5 times higher than the MAC) and Prunus spinosa L. (3 times higher than the MAC) and in the central part – Populus nigra L. (1.5 times higher than the MAC) and Salix alba L. (2 times higher than the MAC) in accordance with other samples on the investigated object. Cd exceeds the allowable concentration from the south side in Fagus sylvatica L. (1 times higher than the MAC) and Malus sylvestris Mill. (2 times higher than the MAC), from the west side in the root of Carpinus betulus L. (1 times higher than the MAC), from the center of the Salix alba L. (8 times higher than the MAC), from the south side of Malus sylvestris Mill. (11 times higher than the MAC), and on the eastern side Acer negundo L. (4 times higher than the MAC) and Populus nigra L. (8 times higher than the MAC). The content of Co was higher in the roots of trees from the west side of Salix cinerea L. (1 times higher than the MAC), from the west side of Carpinus betulus L. (1.7 times higher than the MAC), from the south side – Malus sylvestris Mill. (2 times higher than the MAC), and on the eastern side – Populus nigra L. (2 times higher than the MAC). An excess of Cu content was recorded on the western side of the landfill in the root of Carpinus betulus L. (1 times higher than the MAC). The determination of the chemical content in the roots of trees is important because it is possible to define the pollution rate of the environment in the health resort regions.