Специфіка утворення термінів галузі цивільного захисту в англійській та українській мовах

Abstract

The article presents a deep and comprehensive analysis of the specifics of the formation and translation of English educational terminology, based on the fundamental European document "Common European Framework of Reference for Languages" (CEFR). The extreme relevance of this study is directly driven by the urgent need to unify and standardize educational norms within the context of Ukraine's active integration into the European educational and scientific space. A significant contributing factor is the recent implementation of the Law of Ukraine on the application of the English language as a language of international communication, which requires the most accurate understanding and reproduction of professional pedagogical descriptors. The main aim of the research is to identify the key structural and semantic features of modern educational terms and to determine the most optimal translation strategies for their adequate reproduction in the Ukrainian language. During the research, relying on the continuous sampling method from the original text and its official translation, 100 representative terminological units were analyzed in detail. The quantitative and qualitative analysis convincingly demonstrated that compound terms are the most productive word-formation model in the modern English educational terminology system, accounting for 55% of the total number. This is logically explained by the general tendency of the English language towards lexical compression and the desire to accurately detail multi-component pedagogical concepts. Simple terms make up 29% of the sample, while multi-word terms and various abbreviations (account for 8% each. Special attention in the study is paid to analyzing the effectiveness of applying different translation methods. It has been established that traditional dictionary equivalents are best suited for established concepts. At the same time, a significant array of internationalisms requires the use of transcoding and calquing (. When dealing with non-equivalent or highly specialized vocabulary, translators are forced to resort to contextual substitution and detailed descriptive translation, which allows avoiding semantic losses. A well-founded conclusion is drawn that achieving full translation equivalence is impossible without a deep understanding of the broad professional context. The practical value of the obtained results lies in the fact that they can serve as a reliable basis for compiling modern specialized English-Ukrainian dictionaries and glossaries, which are absolutely essential for contemporary domestic educators and translators