СПОСОБИ ВОГНЕЗАХИСТУ МЕТАЛЕВИХ БУДІВЕЛЬНИХ КОНСТРУКЦІЙ

Abstract

Formulation of the problem. In recent years, the construction of buildings and structures of the frame type has become widely used, where one of the main building materials are metal structures. Undoubtedly, the advantages of using metal structures include their high strength, lightweight, reliability, impermeability, ease of assembly, the ability to give such structures a variety of complex shapes and more. However, despite their significant advantages, one of the main disadvantages of metal structures is a small limit of fire resistance, which is about 15 minutes, respectively, in the event of a fire. These structures will quickly lose their load-bearing and physical properties, which in turn will lead to catastrophic consequences and large material losses. Given the above, the task of finding new and effective ways to increase the fire resistance of metal building structures to the norm remains relevant.The work aims to analyse the existing ways to increase the limit of fire resistance of metal building structures and determine the advantages and disadvantages of different methods of fire protection, taking into account the design features of building structures. Main results and research methods. A review of research and publications on the use of substances, products and materials for fire protection metal structures. The existing methods of increasing the limit of fire resistance of metal building structures by their fire protection, in particular, fire-retardant treatment (painting/varnishing, plastering, cladding, winding) are analysed. It is justified that the category of use of fire-retardant materials should be chosen depending on environmental conditions (indoors, partially protected spaces and premises or open space). The factors influencing the service life and operational reliability of fire-retardant coatings for metal building structures are presented. The technology of application of fire-retardant coatings for metal structures is described. The operational characteristics of the main types of intumescent paints and fireproof plasters are given. The list and main characteristics of reactive (intumescent) coatings, renderings coatings and structural materials (plates), certified in Ukraine are presented. Conclusions. Defined advantages and disadvantages of different methods of fire protection taking into account the design features of building structures. Based on the analysis of ways to increase the limit of fire resistance of metal building structures by their fire protection, the prospects for further research are determined, in particular: search for new fire-retardant intumescent coatings that provide the necessary limit of fire resistance for the use of metal structures, with compositions that will emit less toxic substances and gases in case of fire, development of compositions of plaster fire-retardant coatings resistant to a humid environment with improved adhesion properties, as well as simplification of methods for applying these coatings, search for new fire-retardant facing materials and technological solutions to reduce their weight.