ЩОДО ОСОБЛИВОСТЕЙ ОЦІНКИ ПОЖЕЖНИХ РИЗИКІВ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЙНИХ ЦЕНТРІВ

Abstract

У статті досліджуються особливості оцінки пожежних ризиків у реабілітаційних центрах.. Оцінка індивідуального пожежного ризику враховує ймовірність виникнення пожежі, умовну ймовірність загибелі або травмування пацієнта та коефіцієнт обмеженої мобільності, який залежить від часу евакуації та доступності засобів порятунку. Отримані результати дозволяють комплексно оцінити пожежний ризик, підвищити рівень безпеки пацієнтів та оптимізувати заходи протипожежного захисту. In the context of armed aggression against Ukraine, the need to create an extensive network of rehabilitation centers for those injured and in need of medical and psychological support has increased. Such institutions combine the functions of medical buildings, dormitories, and social adaptation centers. There is a steady negative trend towards an increase in the number of fires in public buildings, in particular in healthcare facilities and rehabilitation centers. It has been established that the frequency of fires in rehabilitation facilities has an increasing trend. The increase in the number of patients due to the war leads to a more intensive use of electrical and heating systems. In conditions of energy instability, additional energy sources are actively used - generators, batteries, heating devices, which significantly increases the risk of fire. Some buildings do not meet modern fire safety requirements due to outdated structures and an imperfect fire protection system. The increase in the number of fires leads to an increase in the level of individual and collective fire risk, especially given the limited evacuation possibilities of low-mobility population groups. This requires improving fire risk assessment methods and developing a comprehensive fire safety management system for rehabilitation centers. The improved approach proposed in the article involves integrating the probability of death or injury into the calculation of individual fire risk, which makes the assessment more adapted to real-world conditions. The increase in the number and consequences of fires not only increases the relevance of developing integrated fire safety management systems in rehabilitation centers, but also requires a transition to a risk-oriented model with an emphasis on preventive measures, modernization of fire protection systems, and development of evacuation algorithms. A feature of the functioning of such facilities is the presence of a large number of people with limited mobility, the use of special medical equipment and placement in outdated buildings that were designed without taking into account modern fire safety requirements. Therefore, factors of increased fire risk are: the use of old buildings, limited possibilities for evacuating patients, high density of people in wards, threats associated with the possibility of damage to buildings during massive shelling. However, there are practically no comprehensive studies dedicated specifically to rehabilitation centers. The issue of providing modern fire protection systems also remains problematic. Some rehabilitation centers are located in buildings that were not originally intended for medical use, or in outdated buildings that lack automatic fire extinguishing systems, smoke extraction, and proper evacuation exits. In conditions of war and massive shelling, external damage to buildings has become an additional risk factor, which increases the risk of fire and complicates timely evacuation. Thus, the scientific and practical problem is the need to develop a methodology for assessing fire risks, adapted specifically for rehabilitation centers. Such a methodology should take into account the characteristics of patients, the density of people, evacuation restrictions, architectural and planning direction, as well as the level of technical support for fire-fighting systems. Its implementation will allow forming an adequate risk management strategy, increasing the safety of patients and staff, and ensuring compliance with modern standards of a risk-oriented approach.