TRANSLATION FEATURES OF GRAMMATICAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF CRISIS MEDICINE DISCOURSE IN ENGLISH AND UKRAINIAN LANGUAGES

Abstract

In the context of wars, conflicts and emergencies, crisis medicine has become a highly specialised professional communication area requiring clarity, precision, and linguistic adaptability. This article investigates the grammatical transformations used in the translation of English-language crisis medicine texts into Ukrainian, particularly those found in emergency protocols and Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) guidelines. The study emphasises the role of grammatical shifts such as modulation, transposition, passive-to-active voice changes, noun phrase compression/expansion, gerunds and infinitives in preserving the meaning and communicative intent of the source text while aligning with the syntactic and stylistic norms of the target language. A comparative analysis of authen-tic English and Ukrainian versions of crisis medical documentation revealed that gerundial constructions are the most frequently transformed structures, constituting 40.7% of all observed grammatical changes. Other signifi-cant transformations include passive voice (23.4%), infinitives (18.6%), transposition (9.5%), modulation (5%), noun phrase restructuring (5.1%), and word order changes (2.7%). Each transformation type serves to enhance clarity, preserve directive function, and ensure readability in high-stakes medical contexts. The findings confirm that the accurate translation of crisis medicine discourse requires more than lexical equivalence; it depends on the translator’s ability to apply functional grammatical strategies. The study contributes to the systematization of translation practices in Ukrainian medical discourse and highlights the need for further investigation into translator training and corpus-based research in the field of tactical medicine. Keywords: crisis medicine, grammatical transformation, gerunds, infinitives, modulation, TCCC, transposition, passive voice, emergency communication.