Теоретичні та прикладні засади інформаційної технології підготовки оперативного персоналу для роботи в умовах надзвичайних ситуацій (Автореферат)

Abstract

Дисертацію присвячено вирішенню актуальної науково-прикладної проблеми — розробки інформаційної технології підготовки оперативного персоналу для роботи в умовах надзвичайних ситуацій з використанням системного аналізу, когнітивної психології та теорії прийняття рішень. Проведено дослідження проблеми вибору стратегій управління техногенними системами, які функціонують у граничних і аварійних режимах та під час надзвичайних ситуацій. Досліджено проблему функціональної стійкості оперативного персоналу, який діє в умовах загроз під час прийняття термінальних рішень із ліквідації надзвичайних ситуацій. Описано й обґрунтовано моделі побудови розгортання сценарію інтелектуальної діяльності ліквідаторів в умовах ризику; сприйняття ними подій у стресових умовах на підставі використання методів когнітивної психології та моделі інтелектуального аналізу потоків даних про стан об’єкта. Досліджено особливості відображення оперативної обстановки у нейроструктурі особи, яка приймає рішення, в умовах надзвичайних ситуацій з врахуванням термінального циклу сприйняття інформації про хід подій. Розроблено структурно-функціональну схему інформаційної технології для реалізації процесу тестування та відбору ліквідаторів. The modern development of the society, its resource and informational software has caused the higher demands to the professional preparation to the stuff, which provides all the management functions on the all levels of the hierarchy as on the state so as on the private productive structures. Special demands are used to the people whose abilities are to make decisions in normal and critical situations on the all levels of the hierarchy. These tasks can be realized according to the appropriate intellectual, psychological and professional training of the managerial and operative stuff as in the organizational so as in the productive systems. The growth of the role of the information and knowledge in the professional activity which are the main factors of the industrial development of economics exacerbates the creative character of the work, the role of the personality its cognitive abilities in the processes in making decisions in local and strategic managerial decisions in all the levels of the hierarchy of the state and corporative structures. And so it creates the actual scientific problem, one of the way of solving this problem is to raise the effectiveness of the managerial and productive activity on the base of using the informational and computer technologies with taking into account the cognitive psychology. And these demands relevant methods of the preparation, which unite all the methods of the informational, system and cognitive technologies in the formation of the curriculums as to the individual so as to the team training with the purpose to activate the assimilation of the general and the professional oriented knowledge. In the first chapter of the dissertation was made the analysis of the degree of the scientific elaborated of the making decisions in the conditions of emergencies situations, the problem of choosing the strategies of the management of the energetic systems in critical situations of the production, problems of the functional stability of the operator in making decisions in the conditions in emergencies situations in man-made systems, structuring the knowledge necessary for making and interpretation the situations in cognitive system in making decisions and management. Also was made the analysis of the methods counteraction in emergencies situations in man-made energetic systems. In the second chapter were proposed the informational concepts in the development of the logical-cognitive models of the intellectual activity in the conditions of the risk; system and the informational dynamic components in logical models in temporal activity in making operative decisions. Also were reviewed the processes of the formation of the intellectual skills for solving the tasks in management process of the liquidation of the emergencies situations. The third chapter was devoted to the logic of the generation of the hypothesises about the reasons of emergence of the critical situations for solving the tasks of processing the information which is necessary in management. Also were researched the logical categories in the schemes of making decisions by the operator in the process of the management in the risk regime. Were described the categories in the systems of making decisions, relations between them and their meanings. Was built the logical structure of the tree of decisions on the cycle of terminal time of management the man-made system in emergencies situations. In the fourth chapter was made the analysis of the process of formation the logical procedures in making decisions in the conditions of risk and fixed terminal time. Were researched the main components of the temporal logic in the procedures of processing data flows in the hierarchy of the structure of man-made system and their influence on the rating of perception the time by the operator automated system of management of technological process during the emergence of the dynamic situations. Was described the dynamic of changes the speed of thinking in the actions of the stressful factors on the operator, which takes to the account the possibility of the correct rating of the given situation. In the fifth chapter were proposed the logical models of the formation of the active action in management; rules of the building the logical solutions which are necessary for the formation management actions by the cognitive intellectual agent in the procedures in making management decisions in unclear and unrelated data. The sixth chapter was devoted to the development of the logical-cognitive model of the operator’s activity like an intellectual agent, who does the management functions in the extreme conditions. Were reviewed the cognitive knowledge components of the factors of the influence on the making decisions by the intellectual agent-operator ASM; problematical and situational tasks in the management of the difficult objects. The seventh chapter was devoted to the slightly formalized and unformalized tasks of management the systems; systemic and cognitive conception of the formation the strategies in the target spacious; informational and intellectual stability the agents of operative management in the formation of the anti-crisis solutions. Were developed the logical-cognitive models in the formation of management decisions in the hierarchical systems.